Gum diseases may be categorized into two broad groups, namely gingivitis and periodontitis.

Gingivitis is surely an inflammation with the gingivae (gums) in most ages but manifests with greater regularity in kids and young adults.

Periodontitis can be an inflammation with subsequent destruction in the other tooth-supporting structures, namely the alveolar bone, periodontal ligament and cementum and subsequent loss of teeth. This disorder mainly manifests in early middle age with severity increasing from the elderly.

Gingivitis can or may progress to periodontitis state in the individual.

Gum diseases have been discovered being the most widespread chronic diseases throughout the world with a prevalence which can be between 90 and 100 per-cent in grown-ups over 35 yrs . old in developing countries. They have been proved to be the main cause of loss of tooth in individuals 4 decades and above.

Halitosis bad breath is among the major consequences of gum diseases.

Many of the terms that are greatly associated with smelly breath and gum diseases are the following:

Dental Plaque- The main requirement of the prevention and treatment of an illness is definitely an knowledge of its causes. The key cause of gum diseases is bacteria, which form an intricate for the tooth surface generally known as plaque. These bacteria’s will be the real cause of smelly breath.

Dental plaque is bacterial accumulations about the teeth or other solid oral structures. If it’s of sufficient thickness, it seems being a whitish, yellowish layer mainly down the gum margins about the tooth surface. Its presence can be discerned by way of a conventional dye or fluorescent dye (demonstrated by illumination with ultraviolet light), disclosing solution or by scraping the tooth surface over the gum margins.

When plaque is examined within the microscope, it reveals a multitude of various kinds of bacteria. Some desquamated oral epithelial cells and white blood cells are often present. The micro-organisms detected vary according to the site where they may be present.
You’ll find gram positive and gram negative organisms, filamentous and flagellated organisms, spirochetes and occasionally small numbers of even yeasts, mycoplasma and protozoa.

Clean tooth surfaces after brushing are usually protected by a thin layer of glycoproteins from saliva called pellicle. Pellicle allows for the selective adherence of bacteria towards the tooth surface.

During the first few hours, the bacteria proliferate in order to create colonies. Additionally, other organisms will even populate the pellicle from adjacent areas to make a complex accumulation of mixed colonies. The information present involving the bacteria is known as intermicrobial matrix forming about 25 % of the plaque volume. This matrix is primarily extra cellular carbohydrate polymers manufactured by the bacteria from dietary sugars; salivary and gingival fluid components; and dying and dead bacteria.

Little plaque are works with gingival or periodontal health. Some individuals can resist larger amounts of plaque for too long periods without developing destructive periodontitis (inflammation and destruction from the supporting tissues) but they will exhibit gingivitis (inflammation in the gums or gingiva).

Diet And Plaque Formation- Diet may play an essential part in plaque formation by modifying the quantity and composition of plaque. More the plaque formation could be, there’ll be more terrible breath.

Fermentable sugars increase plaque formation since they provide additional energy supply for bacterial metabolism and provide the recycleables (substrate) for the creation of extra cellular polysaccharides.

Secondary Factors

Although plaque may be the responsible for gum diseases, numerous others deemed secondary factors, local and systemic, predispose towards plaque accumulation or modify the response of gum tissue to plaque. A nearby factors are:

1) Cavities from the teeth;

2) Faulty fillings;

3) Food impaction;

4) Poorly designed partial dentures (false teeth);

5) Orthodontic appliances;

6) Misaligned teeth;

7) mouth-breathing

8) Grooves on teeth or roots near gum margins;

9) Reduced salivary flow; and,

10) Smoking tobacco.

The systemic factors which potentially modify the gum tissues are:

1) Systemic diseases, e.g. type 2 diabetes, Down’s syndrome, AIDS, blood disorders while others;

2) Hormonal changes – during puberty, pregnancy, contraceptives intake and menopause;

3) Drug reactions, e.g. immunosuppressive drugs, antihypertensive drugs and antiepileptic drugs; and,

4) Dietary and nutritional factors, e.g. protein deficiency and vitamin C and B deficiency.

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