Nicotine, a chemical most commonly found in the plants from the Solanaceae family, can be an alkaloid and it is found accumulated from the leaves of these plants, although biosynthesis of the chemical occur in the roots from the plants. Nicotine is probably the major the different parts of addictive plants like tobacco (0.6%-3.0%) and it is the explanation for their addiction in humans due to its psychoactive nature.

1. Etymology

The name nicotine emanates from the scientific name from the tobacco plant Nicotiana tabacum. The scientific name from the tobacco plant is itself named france ambassador to Portugal Jean Nicot de Villemain. Villeman is credited for sending tobacco seeds and plant saplings to Paris in 1560 for its use in medicinal purposes.

2. Extraction

Nicotine was basically obtained from the tobacco plant by German physician Dr. Wilhelm Heinrich Posselt and chemist Karl Ludwig Reimann in 1828. After its discovery Posselt and Reimann labelled becoming a poison. Actually nicotine can be an antiherbivore chemical, which then causes addiction when consumed in control (1mg or less) and death if drawn in high amounts (30mg-60mg).

3. Chemistry

Nicotine can be an alkaloid using the chemical formula C10H14N2. Its IUPAC name is 3[2,5-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]pyridine. It provides a molecular mass of 162.12g/mol. Nicotine is a hygroscopic liquid which can be miscible with water as a nitrogenous base. Its density is 1.01g/cm3, melting point -79oC and boiling point 247oC. The nicotine molecule carries a half life of Couple of hours and it is metabolism is hepatic. Nicotine can also be optically active and it has two enantiomeric forms.

4. Nicotine as an insecticide

As already said nicotine can be an antiherbivore drug which if drawn in huge amounts is fatal your forms. For this reason nicotine laden tobacco has been used as an insecticide even before the entire world War II. But following your WWII its usage drastically lowered as a result of use of cheap synthetic insecticides for the best easily available than tobacco and fewer harmful to mammals. But in the recent times the hype surrounding organic farming has again increased the interest from the farmers from the use of tobacco as a pesticide as an alternate to traps.

5. Nicotine addiction

Our nervous system has certain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Nicotine binds to many of these and increases the amount of several neurotransmitters. Of these neurotransmitters dopamine is one such neurotransmitter which can be significantly increased during nicotine use and it is accountable for a feeling of euphoria and relaxation brought on by using tobacco (nicotine) products.

6. Psychoactive connection between nicotine

Nicotine is a psychoactive substance as it is mood altering. It causes both euphoria and relaxation. Within the body nicotine is metabolised from the liver. First after its metabolism nicotine leads to the production of glucose from the liver and epinephrine from the adrenal medulla. This sudden discharge of glucose and epinephrine causes euphoria following your use of nicotine. Following the initial euphoria nicotine leads to relaxation, increased alertness and sharpness by implementing different neurotransmitters from the body. Nicotine also offers pain relieving properties.

7. Unwanted effects of nicotine intake

Tough it looks like nicotine is a wonderful substance to boost one’s sharpness, induce calmness and elevate one’s mood there are other negative areas of nicotine intake than positive. Of these the most frequent unwanted side effects of nicotine intake are a greater risk of hypertension and cardiac arrest. It really is sad that many cigarette that a man smokes reduces his lifespan by 14 years. Moreover since nicotine has been discovered to affect the working of Estrogen on hippocampus, hence over time nicotine users are given to amnesia and other connected diseases.

8. Toxicity

Nicotine is considered to be more toxic than most common drugs like heroin and cocaine. More damage is performed by nicotine on the body system which is readily absorbed by the bloodstream and reaches mental performance with the lungs within 7 seconds of the company’s intake either orally or as patches.

9. Using nicotine in medical science

Though nicotine is not a doctor’s companion, it’s yet not his worst foe. Nicotine famous for its pain relieving properties has researched upon to use as a potential prescribed analgesic minus its side effects. Nicotine been specifically found to scale back preeclampsia, allergic asthma; and others by acting as an anti-inflammatory agent.

10. Nicotine in literature

Nicotine may be personified in popular literature as Nick O’ Teen, a humanoid villainous character in Superman comics that was created as a part of anti-nicotine drive to train children in regards to the ill-effects of nicotine intake of all sorts.
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