Nicotine, a compound most often based in the plants from the Solanaceae family, can be an alkaloid and it is found accumulated inside the leaves of the plants, although biosynthesis on this chemical occurs in the roots from the plants. Nicotine is among the major aspects of addictive plants like tobacco (0.6%-3.0%) and it is the real reason for their addiction in humans due to its psychoactive nature.

1. Etymology

The name nicotine comes from the scientific name from the tobacco plant Nicotiana tabacum. The scientific name from the tobacco plant is itself named in france they ambassador to Portugal Jean Nicot de Villemain. Villeman is credited for sending tobacco seeds and plant saplings to Paris in 1560 because of its use in medicinal purposes.

2. Extraction

Nicotine was basically extracted from the tobacco plant by German physician Dr. Wilhelm Heinrich Posselt and chemist Karl Ludwig Reimann in 1828. After its discovery Posselt and Reimann labelled becoming a poison. Actually nicotine can be an antiherbivore chemical, that causes addiction when consumed in small amounts (1mg or fewer) and death if used high amounts (30mg-60mg).

3. Chemistry

Nicotine can be an alkaloid with all the chemical formula C10H14N2. Its IUPAC name is 3[2,5-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]pyridine. It provides a molecular mass of 162.12g/mol. Nicotine is really a hygroscopic liquid which is miscible with water as a nitrogenous base. Its density is 1.01g/cm3, melting point -79oC and boiling point 247oC. The nicotine molecule carries a half duration of 2 hours and its particular metabolism is hepatic. Nicotine can also be optically active and contains two enantiomeric forms.

4. Nicotine being an insecticide

As already said nicotine can be an antiherbivore drug which if used huge amounts is fatal to life forms. This is why nicotine laden tobacco has been employed being an insecticide could the globe War II. But following the WWII its usage drastically lowered due to option of cheap synthetic insecticides that are more easily accessible than tobacco and fewer bad for mammals. In the recent times the hype surrounding organic farming has again increased the interest from the farmers inside the use of tobacco as a pesticide being an alternate to traps.

5. Nicotine addiction

Our nerves inside the body has certain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Nicotine binds to several of the and boosts the level of several neurotransmitters. Among these neurotransmitters dopamine is but one such neurotransmitter which is significantly increased during nicotine use and it is accountable for the experience of euphoria and relaxation brought on by the usage of tobacco (nicotine) products.

6. Psychoactive outcomes of nicotine

Nicotine is really a psychoactive substance as it is mood altering. It causes both euphoria and relaxation. In your body nicotine is metabolised inside the liver. First after its metabolism nicotine results in the production of glucose from your liver and epinephrine from your adrenal medulla. This sudden release of glucose and epinephrine causes euphoria following the intake of nicotine. As soon as the initial euphoria nicotine results in relaxation, increased alertness and sharpness by implementing different neurotransmitters from the body. Nicotine also offers pain relieving properties.

7. Side effects of nicotine intake

Tough it looks like nicotine is an excellent substance to increase one’s sharpness, induce calmness and elevate one’s mood there are far more negative elements of nicotine intake than positive. Among these the commonest unwanted effects of nicotine intake are an elevated likelihood of hypertension and heart attacks. It really is sad that all cigarette which a man smokes reduces his lifespan by 14 years. Moreover since nicotine has been found to affect the working of Estrogen on hippocampus, hence in the long run nicotine users are susceptible to amnesia and other related diseases.

8. Toxicity

Nicotine is recognized as more toxic than most frequent drugs like heroin and cocaine. More harm is completed by nicotine for the body system which is readily absorbed with the bloodstream and reaches the mind through the lungs within 7 seconds of their intake either orally or as patches.

9. Use of nicotine in medical science

Though nicotine isn’t a doctor’s best ally, it can be yet not his worst foe. Nicotine famous for its pain relieving properties has researched upon to use as a potential prescribed analgesic minus its nasty effects. Nicotine has also been found to reduce preeclampsia, allergic asthma; among others by in the role of an anti-inflammatory agent.

10. Nicotine in literature

Nicotine continues to be personified in popular literature as Nick O’ Teen, a humanoid villainous character in Superman comics which has been created in anti-nicotine drive to educate children regarding the ill-effects of nicotine intake of all sorts.
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